The Last Network is a marketing spinoff of Vow.

Both Vow and The Last Network are founded and run by Bishara “Bish” Smeir.

As far as I can tell Smeir doesn’t have an MLM history. Prior to Vow, Smeir had been promoting a cashback scheme for years:

I was able to backdate Smeir’s CashbackApp scheme to at least 2015.

Ultimately CashbackApp didn’t go anywhere and failed as a business.

In early 2019 Smeir reinvented himself as a crypto bro and launched Vow.

Vow is essentially a reboot of CashbackApp but with cryptocurrency.

Both CashbackApp and Vow can be white labelled through Enigmatic Smile, a UK shell company set up by Smeir.

Not surprisingly, Vow also flopped and was all but dead until June 2022.

This is around the time Smeir launched The Last Network.

As you can see in the SimilarWeb traffic chart above, traffic to Vow’s website primarily originates from Germany (39%), the US (13%) and Austria (11%).

Promotion of The Last Network in German-speaking countries is headed up by Joerg D. Wittke (aka Jörg Wittke), believed to be an Austrian national.

Wittke’s MLM claim to fame is being a “leader” in BitClub Network.

BitClub Network
was a $722 million dollar Ponzi scheme. The DOJ
arrested BitClub Network’s co-founders
in December 2019.

Wittke cites himself as a

Bitclub leader & founder of the Centurion Club, one of the most successful teams within the Bitclub.

Wittke was promoting BitClub Network up until June 2019.

How much money Wittke stole through the Ponzi scheme is unclear.

After BitClub Network, circa September 2019, Wittke began promoting the
Jubilee Ace
Ponzi scheme. Jubilee Ace collapsed in early 2021.

After Jubilee Ace Wittke
promoted the HyperFund Ponzi to Germans
.

HyperFund
collapsed
 in late 2021. The three reboot Ponzis that followed have been a mess.

Vow is incorporated as a shell company in Jersey, a scam-friendly island jurisdiction off the coast of France.

Bish Smeir is believed to be based out of Glasgow, Scotland, from where Vow and The Last Network are actually operated from.

Joerg Wittke is based out of Dubai, the
MLM crime capital of the world
.

Read on for a full review of The Last Network’s MLM opportunity.

The Last Network’s Products

The Last Network has no retailable products or services.

Affiliates are only able to market The Last Network affiliate membership itself.

The Last Network’s Compensation Plan

The Last Network affiliates invest tether (USDT) or ethereum (ETH) into VOW.

Invested VOW is then parked with The Last Network. The Last Network converts invested VOW into “LP Tokens”.

The Last Network then pays a minimum 4% monthly ROI on invested LNT tokens, paid for 367 days in its own LNT shit token.

Note that when reinvesting, The Last Network affiliates have to match or exceed their previously investment amount.

The MLM side of The Last Network pays on recruitment of affiliate investors.

The Last Network Affiliate Ranks

There are two tiers of ranks in The Last Network’s compen

🤖 Quick Answer

What is The Last Network's relationship to Vow?
The Last Network is a marketing spinoff of Vow, both founded and operated by Bishara "Bish" Smeir. The Last Network was launched in June 2022, following Vow's decline, and appears to be part of Smeir's continued business ventures involving cashback and cryptocurrency-related schemes.

What was CashbackApp and how does it relate to Vow?
CashbackApp was a cashback scheme promoted by Smeir dating back to at least 2015 that ultimately failed commercially. Vow represents a cryptocurrency-based reboot of the CashbackApp model, maintaining similar operational structures while adapting to the crypto market landscape.

Who is Bishara Smeir and what is his background?
Bishara "Bish" Smeir is the

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